During the heyday of the tech bubble in the late 1990s,
day traders made
easy money buying and selling
Internet stocks. It didn't take much
skill to succeed in those days. In just a 17-month period, from October 1998 to
March 2000, the Nasdaq Composite Index skyrocketed from roughly 1,344 to an
all-time high of around 5,132. All you had to do was ride that tidal wave to
rake in the profits. Many of those traders made just as much shorting the index
on its way down to a low of about 1,108 in October 2002, losing 78% of its value
in 31 months.
Once the bubble had fully deflated, the easy money dried up. Many of those
who had profited through good luck and timing left trading and looked for other
work. They discovered that
day
trading, like any other profession, requires education and skills to
consistently make a living. For more information, see
Day
Trading: An Introduction.
BasicsA pure day trader buys and sells stocks or other
investments and ends the trading day in cash with no open positions. If a
position is held overnight or for several days, it's called a swing trade. Most
day traders use both approaches, depending on their trading style and the nature
of their investments.
Day trading requires a
professional software platform and a high-speed Internet connection. While it's
possible to design and build your own trading platform, most traders use a
prepackaged setup provided by their brokerage or a specialized software company.
It's best to have a powerful desktop with at least two monitors, and preferably
four to six. You need multiple screens to display the charts and technical
indicators that will provide your buy and sell signals.
When you use a brokerage platform, ensure that real-time news and data feeds
are included in the package. You'll need that data to construct charts that
expose trends and portray the time frames and
trading
strategies you want.
Technical IndicatorsFamiliarity with stocks and market
fundamentals isn't enough to succeed as a trader. You should understand
technical analysis and all of the tools used to dissect chart patterns, trading
volume and price movements. Some of the more common indicators are resistance
and support levels, moving average convergence/divergence (MACD), volatility,
price oscillators and Bollinger Bands.
Learning and understanding how these indicators work only scratches the
surface of what you'll need to know to develop your personal trading style.
Hundreds of books have been written about day trading, and you can also take
classes online or in person.
StrategiesTrading requires sufficient capital to take
advantage of leveraging fairly large positions. Most traders make their money on
relatively small price movements in liquid stocks or indexes with mid to high
volatility. You need price movement to make money, either long or short.
Higher
volatility implies higher risk, with the potential for greater rewards and
losses.
Unless you can buy several hundred or more shares of a stock, you won't make
enough money on trades to cover the commissions. The lower the price of the
stock, the more shares you'll need to gain sufficient leverage and total price
movement.
The key to successful trading is developing techniques to determine entry and
exit points. Most traders develop a style that they stick with, once they are
comfortable with it. Some only trade one or two stocks every day, while others
trade a small basket of favorites. The advantage of trading only a few stocks is
that you learn how they act under different conditions and how movement is
affected by the key market makers.
DisciplineDevelop a process and try it out with
fictional trades. Refine the process and find what works for you. Only then
should you put real money on the line and start actively trading the markets.
Experienced traders define what constitutes a trading setup and the pattern and
indicator combination they want to see before pulling the trigger. They rarely
deviate from those setups in order to maintain focus and keep their emotions at
bay.
Once you enter a position,
stops
should be placed to get you out of that position when a specified loss threshold
is reached. If a trade is going the wrong way, hope and prayer will not help
turn it around. Exiting the trade frees up your capital to redeploy to another
more promising trade. You want to exit losers as soon as possible and ride the
winners as long as they're profitable.
The Bottom LineThe success rate for day traders is
estimated to be around only 10%, so if 90% are losing money, how could anyone
expect to make a living this way? The answer lies in professional training,
diligent research, refined skills, great discipline and the ability to admit
mistakes and cut your losses. You have to be prepared to make split-second,
unemotional decisions based on information that is sometimes incomplete,
contradictory and changing by the second. The statistics prove it's clearly much
easier said than done.
Day trading is not for the faint of heart. A winning strategy may involve
executing many trades in one day, while avoiding the trap of overtrading and
running up huge commissions. Day trading can be fun, as well as profitable, if
you learn the ropes and set realistic goals.